Hi, I’m Li Ziyin, class of 2021, Department of Chinese and Foreign Visual Communication.
嗨，我是李梓印，21级中外视传。
At the request of Professor Jason, I have written this article. Now, let’s talk about how to make a good film, or rather, how to complete an excellent group assignment?
受Jason老师之托，我撰写了这篇文章。现在，就让我们好好谈一下，如何拍好一部影片，或者说，如何完成一份优秀的小组作业？
Starting with Forming a Group
首先，从结组开始
Let’s first look at what a standard film crew looks like:
我们先来看看一个正规剧组的人员配置是怎么样的：
Structure and Responsibilities of Different Departments in a Film Crew – Zhihu (zhihu.com)
剧组入门之【部门构成与部分职务的职责】 – 知乎 (zhihu.com)
Have you read it? I hope you have a basic understanding of the division of labor in a film crew and their job content, just as a simple introduction.
看完了吗？我希望你能大概了解一下一个剧组大概的分工情况，工作内容，只是作为简单的了解。
Based on this, we can simplify things. In a small group of just a few people, how should we correctly divide the work?
基于此，我们可以精简一下，在一个大约只有几个人的小组里，应该如何正确的分工。
Professor Jason will teach you the professional knowledge about filmmaking, while I will tell you about the more direct, execution-level aspects.
Jason老师会告诉你们影片的专业知识，而我告诉你的，是怎么去拍，是更直接的执行层面的内容。
Team Leader/Director
组长/导演
About forming a group, we need a team leader. A good team leader, who is also usually the director, plays a very important role in the team. A large part of the success or failure of the film depends on the director’s actions. Of course, what I mean is not that the team leader needs any strong personal abilities, but that a good leader should be able to motivate every team member to do what they like and are good at.
关于结组，我们需要一位组长。一位好的组长，通常也是担任导演的职位，在团队中的作用是非常重要的。影片的成败很大一部分取决于导演的行为。当然，我的意思并不是需要组长有什么较强的个人能力，能把每一位组员充分动员，做自己喜欢和擅长的事情，就是一位好组长的标准。
Finding Like-Minded People
找志同道合的人
I have always opposed forming groups based on personal relations. It seems natural to form a group within a dormitory or a small community, but for an assignment, it’s more likely that procrastination and professional discrepancies could arise among group members. Forming a new group for each assignment might be a better choice, as different types of films require different people. Everyone has their strengths, and grouping based on skills rather than personal relationships can make things much easier.
我一直反对依靠人情关系进行结组。一个宿舍，一个小团体结组看起来是理所应当，但是对于一个作业而言，组员之间会更容易出现拖延的情况。以及，专业水平的不一致也会导致这个团体中出现分歧。为每一次作业都单独结组也许是更好的选择，因为在拍摄不同的影片类型时，所需要的人是不一样的。每个人都有自己擅长的东西，根据自己擅长的事情去结组，会比根据人情关系草率结组轻松得多。
Sometimes, conflicts in a group are not because someone lacks abilities, but because that person isn’t doing what they are used to and good at. Rational grouping and task distribution need to be discussed, and it’s also important to distribute the workload evenly to ensure everyone is engaged and no one is slacking off.
有时候一个组内出现矛盾纠纷，并不是因为某个人能力不行，而是这个人没有做上他习惯做，擅长做的事情。合理的结组和工作分配是需要讨论的，而且也要注意平均分配工作压力，让每个人都有事做，不要出现某个人偷懒怠工的情况。
Being Serious
足够认真
Take each assignment seriously because, in the end, they are all your work, which will be seen by more and more people. By being serious, you will continuously solve problems, learn new knowledge, and improve yourself during the completion of the assignment. If you hear the following opinion, stay away from it:
认真的对待你的每一次作业，因为到最后它们都是你的作品，会被越来越多的人看到。认真一点，你会在作业的完成过程中不断的解决问题，学习新知识，完善自己。如果你听到了以下这种言论，请远离。
“It’s just an assignment, why be so serious about it?”
“只是一次作业而已，那么较真干什么？”
Have you finished forming your group? Then, let’s start filming.
完成结组了吗？那么，我们开始拍摄吧。
Screenwriter
编剧
A good film needs a strong plot. First, you need a clear theme or story. This will be the core of your film. It could be a simple story, but it needs enough emotional depth or a unique perspective to engage the audience.
好的影片需要优秀的剧情支撑。首先，你需要有一个清晰的主题或故事。这将是你电影的核心。可以是一个简单的故事，但需要有足够的情感深度或独特的观点来吸引观众。
Regarding plot decisions, group members can have a brainstorming session to discuss the initial ideas for the plot. Keep a notebook to list all the good ideas and suggestions from group members, and have the team leader lead the writing of the basic plot. During this process, not only Jason, but you can also seek help from your professional teachers, or even ask an artificial intelligence.
关于剧情的决定，小组成员之间可以进行一次头脑风暴，共同商讨剧情的雏形是什么样的，单独列一个记事本，将所有组员好的想法和建议列出来，由组长带领基本剧情的撰写。这个过程中，不仅仅是Jason，你还可以向你的专业老师寻求帮助，或者，问问人工智能也可以。
We can learn from excellent film plots and reasonably innovate based on them. Of course, don’t forget the feasibility of the screenplay, how many people can be involved, and the filming locations, from the stage of plot writing. Don’t write a screenplay that we can’t shoot, as it can lead to disagreements.
我们可以借鉴优秀的电影情节，在此基础上适当合理的创新，剧本固然不会差。当然，不要忘记剧本的可行性，有多少人可以调用，拍摄的地点，从剧情编写的阶段就要注意。不要写出那种我们拍不出来的剧本，那样容易造成分歧。
Storyboard
分镜脚本
Once you have a rough idea of the story, the next step is to write a storyboard. Make sure the dialogue is natural and the plot flows smoothly. You can invite classmates or friends to help give feedback and make revisions. The storyboard is quite important, recording how we plan to shoot the shots we want. When your film is too long, you might choose to only draw key storyboards, or use text records, as long as it avoids disagreements and misunderstandings. During the storyboard phase, pay attention to shot size, editing pace, crossing the axis, etc. When writing the storyboard, the film has already been played through in your mind.
一旦有了故事的大概想法，下一步是写分镜脚本。确保对话自然，情节流畅。可以邀请同学或朋友帮忙反馈和修改。分镜脚本这个东西相当重要，记录了我们该去如何拍摄我们想要的镜头。当你的影片太长时，你可以选择只画一些关键的分镜头，或者只使用文字记录，只要不产生分歧和误解就好。在分镜头阶段，就得注意景别，剪辑节奏，越轴等问题。在撰写分镜脚本时，影片已经在脑内演过一遍了。
Learn to tell stories, watch more films, and watch classic films. Reverse engineer their storyboards and practice editing and storyboard training.
学会讲故事，多看电影，看经典电影，对其分镜进行反推，做剪辑和分镜训练。
Learn what is: Audio-Visual Language.
学会什么是：视听语言。
【中国传媒大学】《视听语言》于然、桂笑冬、孙振虎（已完结）_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
The most important thing to make a good film is to watch and practice a lot. Don’t be stingy with your ideas. Whatever you think of, just do it, and you’ll know if it’s good or not.
想要拍好影片，最重要的是多看多练，不要吝啬你的想法，想到什么就去做什么，做了才知道好不好。
Don’t think you’re not good enough. If you don’t push yourself, you’ll never know what you can achieve. Start with imitation, and then slowly innovate and change.
不要觉得自己不够好，不逼自己一把你永远不知道自己能做什么，从模仿开始，然后慢慢的创新改变。
Cinematographer
摄像师
We need a group member who is skilled at taking photos or videos to handle this job alone. First, we need a device:
我们需要一位擅长拍照或者拍视频的组员单独负责这一工作。首先我们要有一台设备：
I recommend buying this machine.
我推荐购买这台机器
Of course, just kidding.
当然，开个玩笑。
We don’t need any high-end equipment; a smartphone is our best creative tool. However, please try to use 4K30/25 fps recording, because this frame rate is close to that of films, and the resulting motion blur makes the film feel more cinematic. If you need slow motion, then switch to 60 fps recording. And in the settings, set the bitrate to the highest, and change the codec to h.264. This is because the h.265 (HEVC) format, although it reduces file size, adds pressure on the processor during post-processing, making it increasingly choppy, so we’d rather have larger files upfront than dig a pit for post-production.
我们并不需要任何高端设备，手机就是我们最好的创作工具。当然，请尽量使用4K30/25帧录制，因为这和电影的帧率接近，其带来的动态模糊让影片更具电影感。如果你需要慢动作，再切换到60帧录制。并且在设置中，将码率给到最高，同时将编码格式更改为h.264。 这是因为h.265(HEVC)格式虽然能减小文件体积，但是却会在后期处理中给处理器增加压力，越剪越卡，我们宁可前期文件大一点，也不要给后期挖坑。
Don’t record in noisy places, unless you plan to dub in post-production. When recording, the camera is usually far from the sound source, so using a separate smartphone for audio recording is a good idea.
不要在嘈杂的地方进行录制，除非你打算后期配音。在录制时摄像机通常会距离发声主体较远，再拿一部手机单独收音会很不错。
Some things to note:
有一些需要注意的：
Prefer using the 14th/15th generation iPhones: If a group member has one, prioritize using it. Apple has put enough effort into video, which is trustworthy. If you see an apple logo, you might want to use it if you are pursuing more image detail.
优先使用14/15代苹果手机：如果组内成员有，优先使用这一台。苹果在视频领域下了足够的功夫，这是可以信任的。如果有apple log，可以试着使用，如果你追求更多画面细节的话。
Lock the exposure: I suggest you switch to the professional mode on your phone for recording, and lock the shutter speed and ISO values (and the aperture if possible). After all, if your footage is inconsistently bright and dark, it will create a very poor viewing experience.
锁定曝光：我建议你切换到手机的专业模式录制，将快门时间，iso这两个值锁定（如果有光圈也锁定以下）。毕竟如果你的画面忽明忽暗的，会造成极差的观感。
Avoid using autofocus: You might ask, since autofocus is good, why not use it? This is because if something is closer than your actor, autofocus will occasionally freak out and change the focus point, which will directly ruin the visual appeal of the shot. Unless you trust your phone’s intelligence very much, it’s better not to use autofocus in most cases.
避免使用自动对焦：也许你想问，明明自动对焦很好，我为什么不用呢？这是因为假设有什么东西距离的比你的演员要近的时候，自动对焦就会时不时的抽风，更换焦点位置，会直接破坏画面的美感。除非你对你的手机智能十分信任，否则大多情况下都不要自动对焦。
If there’s a cinema mode, feel free to use it: More and more smartphone manufacturers are starting to include a cinema mode. Although it’s somewhat artificial, the image quality isn’t our first priority, and some of the color presets are also quite beautiful. The computational bokeh in cinema mode can sometimes be impressive.
如果有电影模式，放心用：越来越多的手机厂商开始做了电影模式，虽然很假，但是画质不是我们的第一追求，有的色彩预设也是十分漂亮。电影模式的计算虚化有时也是会让人眼前一亮的。
Dual camera setup: Shooting with a dual camera setup is actually very comfortable, especially for scenes where characters are conversing, but try to avoid using phones from two different manufacturers for multi-camera setups, because different manufacturers have different color sciences, and the colors will be inconsistent, making it weird when edited together. If you think you are good at color grading, then go ahead and use it.
双机位：双机位拍摄其实很舒服，尤其是那种人物对话的情节，但是尽量避免使用两个厂商的手机进行多机位，因为不同手机厂商有不同的色彩科学，颜色是不同的，后期剪辑在一起颜色会很奇怪。如果你认为你调色技术优秀，那么就放心用吧。
Regarding dual camera setups, also pay attention to the problem of syncing materials during post-editing. In most cases, you can use sound to automatically sync, and then start multi-camera editing mode (within PR software). Don’t know what PR is? We’ll talk about that later.
关于双机位，还有一个要注意的是后期剪辑时素材同步问题，大多情况下可用声音自动同步，然后启动多机位剪辑模式（PR软件内）。不知道PR是什么？我们后面有说。
If you have a camera, please don’t fall into dogmatism: Is camera image quality always better than a phone’s? If it was 2014, I would tell you yes. But now it’s 2024, and things are a bit different. This is because, unless students are wealthy, most people’s cameras are not the latest released products. Early cameras only had 1080p25 fps or even 720p recording, and they didn’t have stabilization. They’re strong for photography, but not necessarily for video. Using that camera for recording is asking for trouble. If you find a 4k option in your camera, then try using the camera instead of the phone. If you are very interested in imaging, then go on to learn more advanced imaging knowledge: log, histogram, exposing to the right, exposing to the left, motion blur, jello effect, color science, lens groups, crop factor, full frame, lighting, white balance and color temperature, focal length and aperture, aerial photography, HDR, composition, etc…..
如果你有相机，请不要陷入教条主义：相机比手机画质就一定好吗？如果在2014年，我会告诉你是的。但现在是2024年，有些不一样了。这是因为同学们除非有钱，大多数人的相机都不是最新发布的产品。早期的相机都只有1080p25帧，甚至720p的录制，也没有防抖。它们拍照很强，但是视频就不一定了。你拿那个相机去录制，属于是自找没趣。如果你在你的相机内发现了4k的选项，你再去试着使用相机替代手机。如果你对影像十分感兴趣，再去了解进阶的影像知识：log，直方图，向右曝光，向左曝光，动态模糊，果冻效应，色彩科学，镜头群，残幅，全画幅，布光，白平衡和色温，焦段和光圈，航拍，HDR，构图等…..
Nowadays, smartphones generally have OIS optical stabilization, which has already surpassed most cameras in terms of stabilization. If you plan to use a camera for recording, please pair it with a stabilizer.
现在的手机普遍具有ois光学防抖，在防抖上已经赢过绝大部分相机了。如果你打算用相机录制，请搭配稳定器。
Script Supervisor (when you have many shots)
场记（当你的镜头比较多时）
Trust me, when you have many shots, you really need a group member to take on the role of script supervisor. No post-production editor wants to face a bunch of messy, unremarked files; that’s a complete disaster.
相信我，当你的镜头比较多时，你真的需要一位组员担任场记工作。没有任何一位后期愿意面对一堆杂乱的，毫无备注的文件，那是彻底的灾难。
【价格从几十元到一两万，剧组必备的场记板究竟有啥用？-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/g1hBLYD
Definitely buy a script supervisor clapboard (for the life and health of the editor)
场记板，一定要买一个（为了剪辑师的生命健康）
What does a script supervisor do? – bilibili
Writing a script supervisor sheet / What does a script supervisor do all day? – bilibili
【场记都做些什么？-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/04M1J8g
【场记单的书写/场记一天都干了啥-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/kl1pc24
【剧组幕后实战指导第六节~第七节：如何记录场记单-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/kTVVBhj
If you want to standardize the process, you can also prepare a script supervisor sheet.
You can also let the script supervisor take some behind-the-scenes shots or something to put in your art diary.
场记单，如果你想规范化流程，也可以备一个。
你也可以让场记拍一些花絮或者什么放进你的艺术日记内。
The division of roles is not fixed.
人员分工不是固定的。
We can go without a script supervisor.
The director can also handle cinematography and post-production.
And subtitles, costume and prop preparation, etc., can also be handled by the actors.
Correct and rational division of labor is most important.
我们可以没有场记。
导演可以兼顾摄像，后期。
而字幕，服装道具准备等，还可以交给演员。
正确的，合理的分工才是最重要的。
Have you finished filming? Let’s move into the post-production process.
拍完了吗？进入后期流程吧。
We’ve finished filming with our phones, transfer the files to the computer, and let’s start!
我们用手机拍摄完了，把文件传输到电脑，开始吧！
Oh right, never use WeChat to transfer videos! WeChat will automatically compress the video, destroying our files, and even sending the original image doesn’t help, it’s just a matter of the degree of compression. QQ can transfer files, but you need to click to send the original image. If you don’t believe it, you can try it yourself.
哦对了，永远不要使用微信传输视频！微信会对视频自动压缩，破坏我们的文件，点了发送原图也没用，无非只是压缩程度的区别。QQ可以传输文件，但是需要点击发送原图。如果你不信，可以自己试一试。
Wired transfer, fast and stable, why not?
Looking at all these materials, don’t get a headache, let’s learn about editing~
My Snailer Box is created for this, to teach you the things those teachers won’t tell you.
有线传输，又快又稳定，为什么不呢？
看着这些素材别头疼，我们来学一下剪辑吧~
我的蜗牛箱就是为此而生，教给你，那些老师不会告诉你的东西。
Video Editing Learning – Snailer Snail Box视频剪辑学习 – Snailer蜗牛箱
Cutting Ying is really good, it’s enough. When you want to advance, then go check out PR and DaVinci.
剪映真的很好，它够用了。当你想要进阶的时候，再去看看pr和达芬奇吧。
Don’t know how to edit? Can’t grasp the rhythm and audio-visual language? Just watch more movies, the best editors are editing movies, watch good, high-rated movies, watching bad dramas is useless.
不知道如何剪辑？把握不好节奏和视听语言？多去看电影就好了，最优秀的剪辑师都在剪电影呢，看优秀的，高评分的电影，烂剧看了也没用。
Editing complete, write a good art diary~ Our assignment is already completed.
剪辑完成，写好艺术日记~我们的作业就已经完成了。
More Points to Note
更多注意事项
If you want to use other aspect ratios, such as widescreen (2.35:1), please directly modify the project’s aspect ratio size, don’t add black bars on top and bottom to create a cinematic feel. This is because, when your video is 16:9 ratio, you add black bars, it can play correctly on a 16:9 screen. But what about a 21:9 phone? You’ll find a frustrating problem, your video will have black edges on all sides. The animated version of The Three-Body Problem made this mistake, to watch it comfortably you still have to zoom in, which is sigh-inducing.
如果想使用其它画幅，例如宽萤幕（2.35：1），请直接修改项目的画幅大小，不要在视频上下添加黑条来做电影感。这是因为，当你的视频是16：9比例，你添加了黑条，这可以在16：9的屏幕上正确播放。但是如果是21：9的手机呢？你会发现一个让人哭笑不得的问题，你的视频上下左右，都是黑边。动画版三体就犯了这个错误，想看舒服点还得放大画面，令人唏嘘。
Conclusion
结尾
Unleash some creativity~ really, you have to dare to think and dare to do. Filming isn’t difficult, what’s important is to have a group of friends willing to venture with you, a passion, confidence, and effort. This spirit is the core of any successful creative project. Don’t be afraid to invite people from different backgrounds and skills to join your team. Everyone can bring a unique perspective and creativity, making the work more colorful and diverse. Remember, teamwork can unleash potential, making ideas that seemed impossible possible.
发挥一下创意~真的，你要敢想，还要敢干。拍摄这个不难，重要的是要有一群愿意陪你闯的朋友，一种热情，信心和努力。这种精神是任何成功创作项目的核心。不要害怕邀请来自不同背景和技能的人加入你的团队。每个人都可以带来独特的视角和创意，使作品更加丰富多彩。记住，团队合作能够激发潜力，让原本不可能的想法成为可能。
Ultimately, the creative process is a continuous experiment and exploration. Keep your curiosity, stay open to every idea, and keep learning new skills and techniques, and your artistic journey will be filled with endless possibilities. Dare to dream, brave to practice, let your creativity light up the world of others.
最终，创作的过程就是不断试验和探索的过程。保持好奇心，对每一个想法保持开放，不断学习新的技能和技术，这样你的艺术之路将充满无限可能。敢于梦想，勇于实践，让你的创意照亮他人的世界。
Finally, welcome to use the Snail Box~ I have left a lot of knowledge. This is my gift to you, permanently operated, always free.
最后，欢迎使用蜗牛箱~我留下了很多知识。这是我留给你们的礼物，永久运营，永久免费。